Telecommunications between ons and sin Agents: Systemic Complexity, Operational Reliability and Pathways to National Convergence
The telecommunications infrastructure that connects the National Electric System Operator (ons) to the Agents of the National Interconnected System (SIN) constitutes the backbone of the Brazilian electrical operation in real time. This network continuously supports critical operational data flows, including SCADA and PMU, in addition to coordination voice communications between operation centers and distributed generation, transmission and distribution facilities on a continental scale.
Over the lastdecades, this connectivity was built in an evolutionary way, reflecting different regulatory, technological and contractual moments. The current scenario is characterized by high complexity: multiple dedicated circuits, diversity of telecommunications providers, heterogeneous regional architectures and different levels of technological maturity among the Agents. Modern IP infrastructures coexist with legacy voice and data interfaces, requiring robust redundancy mechanisms,end-to-end monitoring, availability management, and increasing cybersecurity controls in integrated IT and OT environments.
Although the current model ensures high levels of operational continuity, it imposes relevant challenges related to national standardization, scalability, unified technical governance and efficiency in the management of critical contracts and services. Architectural fragmentation tends to increase coordination costs, hinder homogeneous technological evolution and raise thecomplexity of systemic risk management.
Given this context, modernization initiatives emerge that point to greater technological and structural convergence. We highlight the evolution of voice solutions for SIP-based architectures, the strengthening of national connectivity standards and the discussion on the structuring of a coordinated national network for Agents, focusing on resilience, standardization and cybersecurity.
The future telecommunications agenda that supportsoperation of the sin signals a new cycle of transformation: from fragmented connectivity to a more integrated, governable and prepared architecture to support an increasingly dynamic, digital and distributed electrical system.
